This Pew Research Center report explores Israeli and Palestinian views on whether peaceful coexistence between Israel and an independent Palestinian state would be possible.

Pew Research Center does research to help the public, media and decision-makers understand important topics. We wanted to better understand attitudes among Israelis and Palestinians (in the West Bank and East Jerusalem) toward a so-called “two-state solution” to the long-running conflict between them.

This is the latest in a series of surveys conducted as part of our long-standing research on Israeli public attitudes around domestic issues, as well as regional and international affairs.

It is the first time in several years that Pew Research Center has polled the Palestinian public in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. We have previously surveyed in the Palestinian territories but could not conduct fieldwork in the West Bank or Gaza in recent years due to security concerns. We are still unable to survey in Gaza.

Learn more about Pew Research Center and our international surveys.

For this report, we surveyed 1,001 people in Israel and 1,038 people in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Interviews were conducted from March 30 to May 6, 2026, in Hebrew and Arabic.

We asked random samples of both populations whether they think “a way can be found for Israel and an independent Palestinian state to coexist peacefully.” We then asked them to explain their answers in their own words, which we recorded verbatim.

In both places, the survey was administered during the Iran war. Fieldwork began while hostilities were ongoing and continued after the declaration of an initial ceasefire on April 7.

We designed the surveys to capture the views of the adult population in each country. Here are the survey questions used for this report, along with responses, the survey methodology and the coding methodology.

To better understand how Israelis and Palestinians in Israel and in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, respectively, view the United States’ involvement in the conflict between them, Pew Research Center asked people in both places whether the U.S. is providing too much, not enough or about the right amount of military assistance to Israel. We posed a similarly worded question about the amount of humanitarian aid the U.S. is providing to Palestinian civilians in Gaza.

These questions are part of a larger survey of Israelis and Palestinians conducted this spring.

Since World War II, the U.S. has sent more foreign assistance to Israel than to any other country. In fiscal year 2025 (the most recent fully reported year), the U.S. disbursed over $3 billion to Israel, primarily in military assistance.

Roughly half of Israeli adults (48%) say the U.S. is providing about the right amount of military assistance to their country. Smaller shares view the U.S. as providing too much military aid (20%) or not enough (23%).

Views vary widely between Jews and Arabs in Israel:

• Among Jewish Israelis, a majority (57%) say the U.S. is providing their country with the right amount of military assistance. Far fewer say it’s providing too much (7%).
• Israeli Jews who support Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s governing coalition are more likely than those who don’t support it to say the U.S. is not providing enough military aid (35% vs. 19%).
• Nearly four-in-ten of the youngest Israeli Jews (ages 18 to 34) say the U.S. is not providing enough military assistance, compared with about a quarter or fewer of older Jews who take the same position.
• Meanwhile, the vast majority of Israeli Arabs (72%) say the U.S. is providing Israel with too much assistance – and this is the case across all age groups.

Jewish Israelis express more favorable views of the U.S. than Arab Israelis do (96% vs. 19%) and are more likely to say they have confidence in Trump to do the right thing regarding world affairs (79% vs. 13%). Approval of the way Trump has handled the conflict in Gaza is also higher among Jewish Israelis (57%) than among Arab Israelis (14%). For more information, refer to our recent report on global views of the U.S.

A majority of Palestinians in the West Bank and East Jerusalem (69%) say the U.S. is providing too much military assistance to Israel. Very few Palestinians say the U.S. is providing about the right amount of military aid to Israel (3%) or not enough (1%). A quarter or so say they are not sure.

The U.S. also provides humanitarian aid to Palestinians in Gaza through direct bilateral channels and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). They also previously provided aid through the now-defunct Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF). In fiscal 2025, about $496 million in total foreign assistance was disbursed directly to the West Bank and Gaza, a large share of which was humanitarian assistance.

Around half of Israeli adults (52%) say the U.S. is providing too much humanitarian aid to Palestinian civilians in Gaza. Smaller shares of Israelis say the U.S. is providing about the right amount of aid (18%) or not enough aid (19%).

Most Israeli Jews say the U.S. provides too much aid to Gaza (64%). Only 8% of Israeli Arabs share this view. Instead, a majority of them say the U.S. doesn’t provide enough aid to Palestinian civilians (67%).

Among Israeli Jews, those who support Netanyahu’s governing coalition are more likely to say the U.S. is providing too much humanitarian assistance in Gaza (76%) than those who do not support Netanyahu’s coalition (50%).

About three-quarters of younger Israeli Jews – those between the ages of 18 and 34 (74%) – say the U.S. is providing too much aid, compared with six-in-ten or fewer older Jews who say the same.

Seven-in-ten Palestinians in the West Bank and East Jerusalem say the U.S. is not providing enough humanitarian aid to civilians in Gaza. An additional 23% say they are not sure. Very few say the U.S. provides too much (1%) or the right amount (2%) of humanitarian aid to Gaza.