The UK’s entire fleet of nuclear-powered attack submarines is currently stuck in port due to maintenance bottlenecks, the UK Defence Journal reported on Saturday. Former Royal Navy officers have warned that the situation makes Britain look “toothless” amid the continued stand-off with Russia.

All five of the Royal Navy’s operational Astute-class submarines are unavailable, the outlet said, citing open-source tracking of the fleet. A sixth boat, the HMS Agamemnon, was commissioned last year but remains in sea trials and is not yet ready for frontline service, while a seventh is still under construction.

Two of the submarines are effectively inactive at Faslane on the Clyde in Scotland, after long spells out of the water, while two more are undergoing extended deep maintenance at Devonport, Plymouth — the only UK base equipped to service nuclear-powered vessels. A fifth boat, the HMS Anson, recently returned from deployment and is undergoing routine procedures.

According to the report, the core problem is not the submarines’ performance at sea but Britain’s capacity to maintain them. Devonport has limited dry-dock space, while shortages of spare parts and specialist engineers have compounded delays – with at least one boat reportedly partly cannibalized for parts to keep others running.

The UK has plans to rebuild dry docks at Devonport but the effort will take years to deliver, offering no short-term reprieve, the outlet noted, adding that the overall infrastructure woes mean that submarine personnel – already in short supply – are also losing the chance to maintain their sea-going skills while their boats remain tied up.

Naval commanders cited by The Telegraph said the situation leaves Britain looking “toothless” against Russia. Former nuclear submarine captain Cdr. Ryan Ramsey called it a “serious wake-up call,” adding that the problem had been “hidden for decades” but “kicked down to the next person in charge.”

The infrastructure bottlenecks became so conspicuous that The Times reported in February that the UK military had failed to spend over £500 million ($660 million) allocated for submarine maintenance since 2018, with constant delays in scheduled work.

In December, retired Rear Admiral Philip Mathias, a former director of nuclear policy with the UK Defense Ministry, warned that Britain was “no longer capable” of running a nuclear submarine program, citing “shockingly low availability” driven by budget cuts and personnel mismanagement.

“This is an unprecedented situation in the nuclear submarine age. It is a catastrophic failure of succession and leadership planning,” he said at the time.