On May 21, India recorded its highest peak demand of 270.8 gigawatt (GW) during the day, an increase of approximately 90 GW from the same window in 2019. While power generators often meet India’s summer peak, the demand again increases at night, especially due to the use of air conditioners. This underscores the need for longer-term energy storage to ensure the grid remains reliable during prolonged periods of low solar and wind generation.

India’s current energy storage roadmap only offers a partial solution. The 2026 Long-Term National Resource Adequacy Plan envisages 80 GW of battery energy storage and 94 GW of pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) by FY2035-36. This translates to average discharge durations of roughly 4 and 6 hours, respectively.