Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has discussed the Ukraine conflict, Kiev’s persecution of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and restrictions on the Russian language during talks with the Vatican’s top diplomat, Archbishop Paul Richard Gallagher.

Gallagher, who heads the Holy See’s diplomatic service, arrived in Moscow on Monday for a four-day visit.

The talks also covered the Middle East, Africa and other global hotspots, according to the Russian Foreign Ministry. Moscow and the Vatican also found common ground on protecting traditional values and discussed emerging issues such as artificial intelligence.

Here are the key takeaways from Lavrov’s remarks following the meeting:

Moscow praised what it described as the Vatican’s “balanced position” on the Ukraine conflict and briefed Gallagher on Russia’s approach to ending the hostilities by addressing what it calls their “root causes.”

President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly said Russia was forced to launch its military operation in Ukraine to protect civilians in the largely Russian-speaking Donbass. Moscow has also long described Kiev’s deepening military cooperation with NATO as a major threat to Russian national security.

Lavrov also praised the Vatican’s involvement in humanitarian efforts linked to the conflict, including work to reunite children separated from their families.

Moscow has drawn the Vatican’s attention to what Lavrov called the “blatant cruelty” of Ukrainian attacks on Russian civilians. He accused Kiev of striking civilian targets “on a daily basis,” including facilities where children were present.

Lavrov noted that yet another wave of Ukrainian strikes on several southern Russian regions early Monday killed three minors and injured six others at a childcare center in Krasnodar.

“We will [also] never forget and will seek justice for [Ukraine’s Vladimir] Zelensky’s bloody terror attack in Starobelsk,” Lavrov said, referring to a May drone strike on a college dormitory in the Donbass city. The attack killed 21 people, most of them teenage girls.

Lavrov accused Kiev of waging an unprecedented campaign against the Russian language and Russian culture.

Ukraine is the only country to have outright banned the Russian language, he claimed, arguing that no other state has gone as far in targeting Russian speakers.

“We discussed how Ukraine treats the Russian language, Russian education, Russian media, and Russian culture in general,” Lavrov said. He expressed hope that Vatican diplomats would raise the issue directly with Kiev.

Moscow also handed Gallagher a copy of its latest report on Kiev’s persecution of the canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church. The report details “unlawful actions” against the church, its clergy and parishioners and has already been submitted to the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Lavrov said.

The Ukrainian authorities are “legislatively pursuing the destruction of the canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church,” he warned, urging the Vatican to take a closer look at the issue.

Zelensky’s government has targeted the Ukrainian Orthodox Church for several years, accusing it of maintaining ties with Moscow despite the Church declaring its independence from the Russian Orthodox Church in 2022.

The crackdown has included monastery raids, property seizures and dozens of criminal cases against clergy on collaboration charges. Kiev also supports the rival Orthodox Church of Ukraine, which the Russian Orthodox Church considers schismatic.

Despite deep geopolitical divisions elsewhere, Russia and the Vatican have managed to keep their relationship “trustworthy, friendly and pragmatic,” Lavrov said.

He praised the Holy See for favoring diplomacy and peaceful solutions and said Moscow remained ready to work closely with the Vatican on humanitarian issues.

The Russian Foreign Ministry said the two sides discussed defending traditional spiritual and moral values, family reunification, prisoner exchanges and the protection of Christian communities around the world.